Affirmation of this world and of man constitutes Homeric religion. There was no categorical ethical or metaphysical distinction between gods and men, both were susceptible to the Moirai. And it was this primordial acceptance of fate which gives Homeric religiosity its defining character of realism and tragic pessimism. The gods were immanent; they were idealizations of man... more beautiful, more vital.

Orphism inaugurated a spiritual revolution in the Greek world by inverting this traditional Homeric valuation of embodied life in which psyche is understood as a simulacrum of the mortal body.
In Orphic thought, the body is understood instead as an illusory image or a tomb (sōma sēma, a phrase inherited by the Gnostics and which influenced the Stoics and early Christians) of the immortal soul, whose purification is achieved through separation from the body. This process occurs primarily through ritual purification and asceticism, the latter understood in a metaphysical sense as a “turning away” from the flux of becoming, structurally analogous to nonvolition in Schopenhauer’s terms.
Here, the soul or divine spark is understood as being imprisoned within the body either as a form of punishment or as the consequence of a primordial “forgetting” comparable to Māyā in Hindu thought. The ultimate aim of the soul, then, is liberation from the cycle of terrestrial punishment and reincarnation, what the Hindus call saṃsāra.
While the conceptual connection between Orphism and Hinduism is unmistakable (indeed, some have speculated that the historical Orpheus was himself a Hindu sage), we cannot say with certainty that the latter directly influenced the former.
Orpheus was said to be of Thracian origin, the son of the eldest of the Muses, Calliope, and of the Thracian king Oeagrus. Iamblichus tells us that it was from Calliope that Orpheus received his wisdom. From Herodotus, who described Thrace as the “greatest nation on earth after the Indians,” we learn that a Thracian tribe known as the Thrausians regarded life as suffering and death as eudaimonia. Herodotus reports that it was their conspicuous custom to mourn the newborn and to bury the deceased amid joy and merry-making.
On this basis scholars have understood Orphism as un-Homeric if not, as in the case of Burckhardt, un-Hellenic conceptions.
According to the Neoplatonists, their theology was first promulgated by Orpheus, albeit symbolically and mystically; it was then transmitted esoterically by Pythagoras, who was said to have been initiated into the Orphic rites by Aglaophemus in the Thracian Libethra, and finally articulated “scientifically” by Plato: the so-called golden chain of Neoplatonism.
Orpheus would later be assimilated into the figure of Christ.